高品质新能源车表现抢眼 荣威eRX5销量增势猛
????????? ??????? (???????: Computed Tomography, ????? ?????: CT) ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???-????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????.
????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.
?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? 1972 ?? ??? ?????? ?. ????????? ??????? EMI ????????. ???? 1979 ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ????? "?????????" ????? ????? ??????? τ?μο? (???????) ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ??????? γραφ (???) ?????? ???? ?? ?????.[1]
??????? ?????? ?? ???? CT
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? CT ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? CT, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????.
??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??-????? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? – ????? ??????? ???? 1 ?? 10 ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??-????? ???.[2]
??????? ?????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]_and_patient_in_a_CT_imaging_system.gif)
?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? – ????????????? (?????) ???????????? (???????????).[1]
?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
?????? ??????? – ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? - ????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??-??????.
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??-??????, ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????.
?????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???-????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????.[2]
????????? ??????? ???? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
??? ???? ?-70, ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????: ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?-21 ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??????, ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???, ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????, ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.[3]
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??? ????? – ????????? ??????? ?? ???? (??-??)
?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???-????????, ????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ???????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????. ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? (????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????). ????? ??????, ???? ???????, ???? ????, ?????????????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???-???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????.
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??-??????. ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????, ?? ???? ?-1%, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? (?????? ?????? "???????????? ?????????") ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????.[4]
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[????? ??? ???? | ?????]????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????,[5] ?????????, ????? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?-DNA.
??????? ?-DNA
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?-DNA ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?-DNA (??? double strand breaks, ??? ?? ?????), ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? 35 ????? ????? ????? ?????.[6] ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?-DNA, ??? ???? ?????? ??-DNA ??? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ?-DNA ????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?-DNA ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????????, ???? ??? ???, ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ????????. ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???.
????? ?????? ???????? ????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????, ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? "???????", ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? "???????" ??, ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?"???????" ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????. ???? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?-20 ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?-20 ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?-20 ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?-20 ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?-20 ??????.
?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ??? ?????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????.
??????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? "???????" ?? 1.5 ??????????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? 56 ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????.[7] ???? ??? ????? (56 ????????) ????? ?? 2 ????? ?? ??????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?"???????". ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? (56 ????????) ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ? 23 ????, ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?????? CT ???? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?-DNA. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?-DNA ???? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? 12% ???????, ??????? ????? ???? ? 0.2% ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????.[8] ???? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ??????? ?-40 ?"? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ????? ?-13 ??? ?? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 0.001 ???. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? 7% ???????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????.[9]
?????? ????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? 500 ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? CT, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? 100 ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????.[10]
?????? ?????
[????? ??? ???? |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
| ????? | ??? ???????? (mSv) ??? ???? |
??? ????? (mGy) ????? ?????? |
???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? |
|---|---|---|---|
| ????? ??? ????? | 2.4[15] | 2.4[15] | 1 |
| ??? CT | 1-2[13] | 56[16] | 23 |
| ??? CT | 8[17] | 14[16] | 5.8 |
| ??? CT | 5-7[13] | 13[16] | 5.4 |
| ??? ??? ???? CT | 9.9[16] | 12[16] | 5 |
| Cardiac CT angiogram | 9-12[13] | 40-100[11] | 41 |
| Neonatal abdominal CT | 20[12] | 20[11] | 8.3 |
| CT colonography | 6-11[13] | ||
| Barium enema | 15[12] | 15[11] | 6.25 |
| Screening mammography | 0.4[18] | 3[12][11] | 1.25 |
| ????? ??? | 0.02[17] | 0.01-0.15[11] | 0.0625 |
???? ?? ???? ??????
[????? ??? ???? |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
?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? Gy ?? ???????? mGy (????? ?????). ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Sv, ?? ?????????? mSv (????? ???????).
??? ??
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ????? ????? ?????? – MRI
- ???? ?????
- ????? ????????????
- ????? ?????? ????? ??????
- ?????? ?? ??????
- ????? PET CT
??????? ????????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]
????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ??????: || ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??-??, ???? ????, 20 ?????? 2014- ????????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
????? ??????
[????? ??? ???? | ?????]- ^ 1 2 Center for Devices and Radiological Health, What is Computed Tomography?, FDA, 2025-08-07
- ^ 1 2 Computed Tomography (CT), www.nibib.nih.gov
- ^ Whole-Body Computerized Tomography Screening Should Not Be Performed
- ^ Evaluation of patient dose for barium enemas and CT colonography in Japan. British Journal of Radiology 2009;82:219-227
- ^ ?? ???, ????: ?????? ????? ???-?? ???? ??????, ???? ????, 16 ?????? 2009
- ^ Evidence for a lack of DNA double-strand break repair in human cells exposed to very low x "The line is a linear fit to the data points with a slope of 35 DSBs per cell per Gy." e.g. 35[DSB/Gy]*56[mGy]=1.96[DSB]
- ^ Multisection CT Protocols: Sex- and Age-specific Conversion Factors Used to Determine Effective Dose from Dose-Length Product.
- ^ Agents that induce pseudo-allergic reaction.
- ^ Hasebroock, KM; Serkova, NJ (?????? 2009). "Toxicity of MRI and CT contrast agents". Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 5 (4): 403–16. PMID 19368492.
{{cite journal}}: (????) - ^ "www.icrp.org" (PDF).
- ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hall, EJ; Brenner, DJ (???? 2008). "Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology". The British journal of radiology. 81 (965): 362–78. PMID 18440940.
{{cite journal}}: (????) - ^ 1 2 3 4 Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (??????? 2007). "Computed tomography--an increasing source of radiation exposure" (PDF). N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (22): 2277–84. doi:10.1056/NEJMra072149. PMID 18046031.
{{cite journal}}: (????) - ^ 1 2 3 4 5 Furlow, B (????–????? 2010). "Radiation dose in computed tomography" (PDF). Radiologic technology. 81 (5): 437–50. PMID 20445138.
{{cite journal}}: (????)(?????? ???? ????) - ^ Wintermark M, Lev MH (?????? 2010). "FDA investigates the safety of brain perfusion CT". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31 (1): 2–3. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1967. PMID 19892810.
{{cite journal}}: (????) - ^ 1 2 3 Cuttler JM, Pollycove M (2009). "Nuclear energy and health: and the benefits of low-dose radiation hormesis". Dose Response. 7 (1): 52–89. doi:10.2203/dose-response.08-024.Cuttler. PMC 2664640. PMID 19343116.
- ^ 1 2 3 4 5 Shrimpton, P.C; Miller, H.C; Lewis, M.A; Dunn, M. Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) examinations in the UK - 2003 Review
- ^ 1 2 "What are the Radiation Risks from CT?". Food and Drug Administration. 2009.
- ^ Davies, H. E.; Wathen, C. G.; Gleeson, F. V. (25 ??????? 2011). "The risks of radiation exposure related to diagnostic imaging and how to minimise them". BMJ. 342 (feb25 1): d947–d947. doi:10.1136/bmj.d947.
{{cite journal}}: (????)
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