??????

??????
	?????? ?????? "????"
	????? ?????? ?? ??????
?? ???????	6-(?????????????)??????-2,3,4,5-?????
???? ??????	??????? ??????? D
???? ????	C6H12O6
??? ??????	180.16 ???/???
???? CAS	50-99-7 (?????? D); 921-60-8 (?????? L)
??????	1.54 ???/??"?
??? ?????	????
??????	91/100 g/cm3
???????? ?????	150 °C ; 423.15 K
???????? ?????? ????????	1,271 ? ?????'?? ????
???? ?????	????????? ?????: α ? D ??????: 146 C°; β ? D ??????: 150C°

百度现在要看到满是购物之人的商场只能通过照片了。

???????? (???????: Glucose; ??????: Glc; ???? ?? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????) ??? ??-????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??-??? ???? ????^[1]. 50 ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????????.

?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????.

?????

?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? – ??-???? ????? 6 ????? ???? (???? ??????? ?????? "6"). ?????? ?? ?????? ???: C₆H₁₂O₆. ?????? ??? ?? ????? – ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????? (CHO).

????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? 180.18 ??? ????.

?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ????-??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? (OH), ??????? ????? ????? ???? 5 ?????? (???? ???? ????? ????), ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ????????, ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??.

?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????

????????

???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ??? ????????-?????????? ?? ??-??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???, ????????? D-??????, ??? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??-????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???????? L ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? D ?? ???????, ??-?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

?????

??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? (?-??????, ???? ???????) ??? ????? ???? (??????, ?????? ?????), ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ?????????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.

????????

?????????, ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????: ??????????. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???-??????? ?? ??????; ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???, ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ???????? (???: ??????? ??????) ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????; ??????? ????????? (????????) ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????; ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? (????? ????? ????) ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????.

?????? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????:

??????????? ??????? ?????, ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??-????? ????, ??????? ???. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????: ????? ?????.
????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????.

????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ??????? ????? ???, ??, ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????.

?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????, ?????, ???????, ?????? ???-??????. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????; ??????? ?????, ?? ??, ???? ???? ????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????????; ????? ????? ??? ????????????, ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????
???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????

????? ?? ??????? ???????????

?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????^[2]. ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???, ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ???????? ???????? ????^[3]^[4]^[5]. ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????^[6]^[7], ????^[8]^[9]^[10], ??? ???????? ????????^[11]^[12]. ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????^[13]. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????^[14]^[15], ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????^[13] ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????^[13].

?????

????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 160 ???. ????? ?-120 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?-20 ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? 190 ???.

???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?-100, ???? ????? ??? ???? (????????) ???? ??.

??????? ?? ??????? ?????, ? 70% ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.

??????? ????????

???? "???????", ???? ?????????
???? ???, ???"? - ????? ?????? ?? ????, ????? "??? ?? ??????" ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, 4 ???????, 2019
??? ???? ?? ?????? (???????)
??????, ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???????, ?? ??? ??????? ???????

????? ??????

^ Domb, Abraham J.; Kost, Joseph; Wiseman, David (2025-08-05). Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers. CRC Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4200-4936-7.
^ Sieber FE, Traystman RJ. 1992. Special issues: glucose and the brain. Crit Care Med 20: 104–114.
^ Meikle A, Riby LM, Stollery B. 2004. Memory processing and the glucose facilitation effect: the effects of stimulus difficulty and memory load. Nutr Neurosci 8: 227–232.
^ Stone WS, Thermenos HW, Tarbox SI, Poldrack RA, Seidman LJ. 2005. Medial prefrontal and temporal lobe activation and memory following glucose ingestion: a pilot fMRI study. Neurobiol Learn Mem 83: 54–64.
^ Riby LM, McMurtrie H, Smallwood J, Ballantyne C, Meikle A, Smith E. 2006. The facilitative effects of glucose ingestion on memory retrieval in younger and older adults: is task difficulty or task domain critical? Brit J Nutr 95: 414–420.
^ Sünram‐Lea SI, Foster JK, Durlach P, Perez P. 2002b. Investigation into the significance of tasks difficulty and divided allocation of resources on the glucose memory facilitation effect. Psychopharmacology 160: 387–397.
^ Sünram‐Lea SI, Foster JK, Durlach P, Perez P. 2002a. The effect of retrograde and anterograde glucose administration on memory performance in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 134: 505–516.
^ A. Meikle, L.M. Riby, B. Stollery The impact of glucose ingestion and gluco-regulatory control on cognitive performance: a comparison of younger and middle aged adults Human Psychopharmacology, 19 (2004), pp. 523-535
^ J.L. Reay, D.O. Kennedy, A.B. Scholey Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained ‘mentally demanding’ tasks Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20 (2006), pp. 771-781
^ D. Benton The impact of increasing blood glucose on psychological functioning Biological Psychology, 30 (1990), pp. 13-19
^ Scholey AB, Laing S, Kennedy DO. 2006. Blood glucose changes and memory: effects of manipulating emotionality and mental effort. Biol Psychol 71: 12–19.
^ Scholey AB, Harper S, Kennedy DO. 2001. Cognitive demand and blood glucose. Physiol Behav 73: 585–592.
^ ¹ ² ³ Smith, M. A., Riby, L. M., van Eekelen, J. A. M., & Foster, J. K. (2011). Glucose enhancement of human memory: a comprehensive research review of the glucose memory facilitation effect. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 770-783.
^ E.C. McNay, P.E. Gold Extracellular glucose concentrations in the rat hippocampus measured by zero-net-flux: effects of microdialysis flow rate, strain, and age Journal of Neurochemistry, 72 (1999), pp. 785-790
^ E.C. McNay, P.E. Gold Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 1 (2002), pp. 264-280

[1] Domb, Abraham J.; Kost, Joseph; Wiseman, David (2025-08-05). Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers. CRC Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4200-4936-7.

[2] Sieber FE, Traystman RJ. 1992. Special issues: glucose and the brain. Crit Care Med 20: 104–114.

[3] Meikle A, Riby LM, Stollery B. 2004. Memory processing and the glucose facilitation effect: the effects of stimulus difficulty and memory load. Nutr Neurosci 8: 227–232.

[4] Stone WS, Thermenos HW, Tarbox SI, Poldrack RA, Seidman LJ. 2005. Medial prefrontal and temporal lobe activation and memory following glucose ingestion: a pilot fMRI study. Neurobiol Learn Mem 83: 54–64.

[5] Riby LM, McMurtrie H, Smallwood J, Ballantyne C, Meikle A, Smith E. 2006. The facilitative effects of glucose ingestion on memory retrieval in younger and older adults: is task difficulty or task domain critical? Brit J Nutr 95: 414–420.

[6] Sünram‐Lea SI, Foster JK, Durlach P, Perez P. 2002b. Investigation into the significance of tasks difficulty and divided allocation of resources on the glucose memory facilitation effect. Psychopharmacology 160: 387–397.

[7] Sünram‐Lea SI, Foster JK, Durlach P, Perez P. 2002a. The effect of retrograde and anterograde glucose administration on memory performance in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 134: 505–516.

[8] A. Meikle, L.M. Riby, B. Stollery The impact of glucose ingestion and gluco-regulatory control on cognitive performance: a comparison of younger and middle aged adults Human Psychopharmacology, 19 (2004), pp. 523-535

[9] J.L. Reay, D.O. Kennedy, A.B. Scholey Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained ‘mentally demanding’ tasks Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20 (2006), pp. 771-781

[10] D. Benton The impact of increasing blood glucose on psychological functioning Biological Psychology, 30 (1990), pp. 13-19

[11] Scholey AB, Laing S, Kennedy DO. 2006. Blood glucose changes and memory: effects of manipulating emotionality and mental effort. Biol Psychol 71: 12–19.

[12] Scholey AB, Harper S, Kennedy DO. 2001. Cognitive demand and blood glucose. Physiol Behav 73: 585–592.

[????2011-13] ¹ ² ³ Smith, M. A., Riby, L. M., van Eekelen, J. A. M., & Foster, J. K. (2011). Glucose enhancement of human memory: a comprehensive research review of the glucose memory facilitation effect. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 770-783.

[14] E.C. McNay, P.E. Gold Extracellular glucose concentrations in the rat hippocampus measured by zero-net-flux: effects of microdialysis flow rate, strain, and age Journal of Neurochemistry, 72 (1999), pp. 785-790

[15] E.C. McNay, P.E. Gold Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 1 (2002), pp. 264-280

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